The Universal Freckle, or How I Learned to Be White by Dalton (on Assignment

The Universal Freckle, or How I Learned to Be White by Dalton (on e-Reserve) - Assignment Example Absolutely, everyone of us appreciates a benefit of one sort or the other in our lives. I, for instance, have benefits over my hirelings, who at that point have numerous benefits over those living underneath in the neediness line. Moreover a lady in an Eastern culture is bound to appreciate benefits over their male partners since their men keep up a more profound worship for the female classification by and large. Accordingly truly, I have been watching benefits around me constantly. Indeed, ‘White Privilege’ is a term used to distinguish the preferences the white cleaned individuals appreciate over darker one †as it were: Racism. All through the article the essayist attempts to fix the bunches that hold bigotry and ethnicity together; something which has been approved by the UN show that â€Å"there is no qualification between the terms racial segregation and ethnic discrimination†. Despite the fact that the present reality is more developed and negligible hues don't characterize the benefits we appreciate today, yet in any case the idea of bigotry has hugy affected the social structure of our general public. Since each American stands equivalent today †as ensured by the constitution †the ideas of high contrast had been pushed to a corner and we barely discover instances of racial separation today. The most opposing results of racial segregation came as the educators the essayist had at school. At one school an African American instructor dare not go too far and hit a white kid drawing a reasonable fringe between the blacks and the non-blacks; while at another a Chinese educator utilizes progressively beneficial measures and attempts her best to mix the class into an equivalent power. Racial separation has consistently stayed a warmed discussed and a significant issue of our general public. Considering the writer’s involvement in the German lady businessperson, we as a whole ought to rather clear our way towards solidarity and remain as one equivalent power. Divisions and

Skype the Perfect Freemium Model Essay Example

Skype the Perfect Freemium Model Essay Example Skype the Perfect Freemium Model Paper Skype the Perfect Freemium Model Paper The ideal FREEMIUM model 11/24/2010 Petra Sanyova BCi08: fifth semester: e-Marketing The Freemium Model The term freemium is an authored term, got from words ‘free’ and ‘premium’. This term represents a growing plan of action where organizations are making benefits from offering premium items to a little level of their absolute clients. In spite of the fact that most of the clients isn't paying anything for the item, organizations despite everything has plausibility to be exceptionally gainful, and they normally are. The business where just 5-10% of clients create income couldn't run productively under conventional conditions. The change was brought about by various advancements in the field of computerized creation, just as web conveyance. Because of these mechanical advances, organizations can duplicate and disperse free items to numerous clients at low expenses. Skype â€Å"Skype is programming that empowers the world’s discussions. † Millions of individuals make video or voice calls, send texts and offer documents through this program. Most of them do as such with no charge by any means. The main essential, to have the option to utilize this product, is that the two gatherings who might want to convey need to have the program introduced and running. Skype was set up in 2003, with its central station being in Luxemburg. Its originators Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis are as yet incomplete proprietors along with financial specialist bunch drove by Silver Lake (that likewise claims eBay), the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board and Andreessen Horowitz. Since the foundation †the primary form of the program, Skype never halted to develop is as yet presenting new updates, highlights and so on. With regards to its locale, the Skype transformed from a little obscure program into a program utilized day by day by a great many individuals with numerous highlights. Recently everyone is dazzled with the quantity of Facebook clients; all things considered toward the finish of year 2009, Skype had 160 million more enlisted clients than Facebook, which in numbers is 560 million. As per the quarterly updates the organization issues, it included 39 million enrolled clients in the last quarter of 2009 as it were. This represents 6% development rate in the development period of the item! 36. billion minutes of Skype-to-Skype calls were recorded in these most recent three months of 2009, adding to get 250 billion minutes of these calls recorded by and large. Still in 2009 just, this number represented 12% of the world’s universal calls. Around 23 million clients are signed into Skype at its pinnacle times. (I am signed in similarly as a compose this paper. ) Skype is global progra mming, offered in 29 dialects and utilized nearly in each and every nation of the world. Skype offers an assortment of highlights to every one of its clients, with the fundamental element being Skype-to-Skype calls for nothing out of pocket. To improve the customers’ experience while calling, it presented numerous extra highlights as: meeting calling, video calling and gathering video calling. Additionally Skype is adequately utilized for texting and sharing different documents; screen sharing included. One of the most recent presented highlights is called ‘Facebook News Feed and Phonebook’ which empowers clients to call companions legitimately from a Facebook News Feed and Phonebook in Skype. In spite of the fact that this everything is offered by Skype to its clients for nothing, it doesn't demonstrate company’s unreasonableness. Because items are free, doesn't mean organizations are not beneficial. Google is an incredible case of this; and anyway marginally unique, Skype is also. The fact of the matter is to expand the great perspective on a market from just two gatherings (purchaser and vender) to more gatherings, from which just barely any trade cash. The most well-known model is the three-party framework. The outsider pays to take part in the framework, the initial two made by a free trade between one another. The accomplishment of charging nothing for something lies in comprehension of the mental hole between ‘almost zero’ and ‘zero’. As the various individuals are expected to make the earth, for others to pay for, it is fundamental to draw in whatever number individuals as could be expected under the circumstances. While the expenses are unimportant and free is a word speaking to nearly everyone, parting with the item to 90% of clients is sensible. The rest 10% at that point comprise of the clients who settled on a top notch record and they produce incomes. Pareto standard applies This is the situation of Skype as well. The outsider comprises of the exceptional clients, who are really paying for extra highlights accessible in premium records. This gathering of clients records to 6% of its every dynamic client producing more than 777 million dollars per year. The extra highlights, they are then empowered to utilize are: Skype-to-landlines/mobiles, voice message, call sending, call move and content informing. The client likewise gets his/her own online number so the landlines/mobiles-to-Skype calls are then additionally conceivable. Skype explicit achievement can be certify not exclusively to the good thought that is making people’s lives simpler, yet to the manner in which its whole plan of action is set up: [ 1 ]. SKYPE plan of action Accomplices:- Phone producers Online Platforms| Key exercises:- Software improvement Integration with new stages Marketing| Value recommendation:- Free VoIP and video calling-Internet based communication| Relationships:- Appreciative client base-Thanks to free download-Automated with online profiles| Customers:- Not fragmented| | Key assets:- Software-Brand| | Distribution and securing channels: Online| | Cost structure:- Very low upkeep cost-Software development| Revenue streams/evaluating:- Sale of complimentary things 7-8% transformation rate from free| Also, no contention there, that it is set up splendidly. End Skype, along with Flickr and LinkedIn, is one of the best organizations, working under the freemium model. As was at that point referenced, Skype utilizes three-party model, in which the Pareto guideline applies †little level of a clients pay to get an exceptional, taking care of the expense of most of clients not charged and as yet producing the incomes. The purpose behind this is the very nearly zero upkeep cost, on account of innovative progressions. For individuals to buy the top notch accounts is significant that the framework made is steady and huge enough, thus Skype is doing extraordinary occupation in drawing in these essential clients. By giving the program for nothing and refreshing it consistently it doesn't make just huge client base, however a thankful one. As Skype is a program, which with its highlights, benefits the customary clients and conceivably set aside them cash †this gathering is appreciative. Being grateful for Skype implies being steadfast and having in general uplifting mentalities towards the brand; which is another large resource of Skype. These days it represents a universal brand, which is generally perceived. In the event that organization can keep up the transformation proportion, stay well known and hand off the potential strings from new contenders or media transmission organizations; its manageability of the freemium model can be demonstrated.

5 Books Too Awesome Not To Own

5 Books Too Awesome Not To Own While we at the Riot take some time off to rest and catch up on our  reading, were re-running some of our  favorite posts from the last several months. Enjoy our highlight reel, and well be back with new stuff on Tuesday, January 3rd. This post originally ran August 12, 2016. Even the heaviest library user will tell you that there are some books that are so good, you have to own them. For me, this usually comes after I have checked out a book from the library, sometimes just onceâ€"often many timesâ€"until I wear my frugality down and buy it. There’s a comfort in owning a book that’s so packed with information or inspiration that you’ll reach for it again and again. Some books I have purchased many times, lending them to friends and never getting them back. When a book is that good, I’m happy to spread it out in the world and purchase another copy (okay, “happy” might be an overstatement. But I won’t complain about it too loudly or for too long). I’d like to believe the book not-returners are as besotted as I am with it and either can’t let the book go or are passing it on. Here are 5 books that I must have in my book collection at all times. Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates Rereading a book does not necessarily mean you are soothed by it. As a white person, reading Between the World and Me was an uncomfortable experience: alternately horrifying, tragic, and illuminating. While it’s a slim book, the 176 page treatise is a crucial commentary on race in America and how its been used to enslave, exploit, and marginalize black Americans. Coates is a masterful writer, deftly contextualizing huge issues around systematic racism. You don’t even have to take my word for it, Toni Morrison called Between the World and Me “required reading.”   Would Toni Morrison lead you astray? Bad Feminist by Roxane Gay This is the book I was thinking about when I mentioned book-stealers. So many people have nabbed this book from me since it’s release in 2014. The reason I  can’t be mad at the aforementioned book-stealers is because I get it. It’s a great book. Roxane Gay is an amazing person and excellent writer. Bad Feminist allows you to live inside Gay’s head for a little bitâ€"from her take on The Hunger Games to rape culture. I return to this book when I want something simultaneously thought-provoking, inspiring, and often very funny. Gay reminds us that no one is a perfect feminist. All we can do is continue to look at the world around us with humor, compassion, and an unwaveringly critical eye. On Writing by Stephen King I am extremely picky when it comes to writing manuals or anything that masquerades as such. This snobbery is likely the result of having read On Writing before getting my hands on any other books in the same vein. Simply put, On Writing is one of the best. Half instructional, half memoir, King demonstrates how he became the best-selling writer he is today. As someone who loves some things King has written but can’t stomach the majority of it (because I am a baby and will need to sleep with the lights on if I read something like Misery), I can assure you that this book is for King aficionados and novices alike. As King says, “writing is not life, but I think it can be a way back to life.” For those who agree, this is a must read. Tiny Beautiful Things: Advice on Love and Life from Dear Sugar by Cheryl Strayed Tiny Beautiful Things is the book version of the perfect big sister/favorite aunt. I’m a sucker for advice columns but this book is so. much. more. than a collection of advice columns. It is a phenomenally compassionate kick in the ass. It is full of universally good advice but more important, it’s a meditation on how we should treat ourselves and other human beings. Strayed offers lessons on growing up, on learning that sometimes bad things happen to good people and figuring out how to accept that challenging reality.   It is a book of average size that is very much a big, beautiful thing. It’s also a fantastic going away to college/congratulations on your new career/massive life change gift.  The Chronology of Water by Lidia Yuknavich I don’t know why I checked this out from the library so many times before realizing I could just buy it and have it forever. Perhaps Yuknavitch’s prose stunned me into a mind-numbing irrationality. It sounds hyperbolic but if you’ve read The  Chronology of Water, you’ll know what I mean. Yuknavitch weaves vivid prose throughout her essays in a way that makes them achingly beautiful and painfully raw. I had to buy this book because every  time I returned it to the library I felt a pang of loss, like I was giving up something precious before I was ready. Any overdue charges I incurred would be a small price to pay if I could just hang on to the book for a few more days. Now that I own it, it’s never far out of reach.

Essay on Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens - 3873 Words

Great Expectations may be read as a Bildungsroman because it charts the progress of the protagonist, Phillip Pirrip better known as Pip, from childhood to young adulthood. Great Expectations contains aspects of: Autobiography, Ancestry, Education, Desire, Social Conditions and Love. These are the themes of an English Bildungsroman. Traditionally a Bildungsroman contains a story which consists of the development of a character inside society. During this development the character clashes with his/her social background (class). The protagonist would have suffered from loss in their childhood and would eventually become accepted. This essay is going to discuss and show examples of these themes to show how the novel may fit into†¦show more content†¦Joe Gargery and her husband Joe; this shows that Pip has had a harsh start to his life. â€Å"Mrs. Joe Gargery who married the blacksmith†, Pip’s social hierarchy is very low because his sister’s husband is a blacksmith. Pip is going to be apprenticed to Joe, despite this he feels comfortable in his home. At the time he wasn’t aware of his social hierarchy and so he was happy of where he was. â€Å"Young Pip† is an innocent, humble and loving character, who has nothing going for him. This would make the reader instantly intrigued to him by wanting to know what will happen to him. However â€Å"Old Pip† is going to tell the story as the person who is changing and so may decide to tell us what he wants because he is likely to be biased. The reader may not feel as much in favour of Pip because he/she wouldn’t be sure if Pip is telling the truth. Dickens is able to create fear through vulnerability of Pip, for example when Pip steals pie for the convict. We are able to feel the fear and harshness and the changes of Pip’s life as he does. This enables the reader to feel more sy mpathy for Pip which supports the Bildungsroman framework. The countryside where Pip lives has been described with words like â€Å"savage† and â€Å"bleak† which reflect aggressive and cruelness to the reader. This would eventually gain more support in the reader for Pip because it empathises and echoes Pip’s hardship. Dickens has influenced all this by the Bildungsroman genre by showing thatShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardshi ps provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginning of the novel. From the opening ofRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went through

Improving Quality of Teaching and Learning, Questioning and Explaining Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Effective questioning can help the teachers instill curiosity and a thirst to learn in students (Pagliaro, 2011). By asking questions and letting their students formulate and develop their answers, the teachers can help the students to develop their critical thinking and analytical skills. On the other hand, questioning also helps the teachers to assess the thought process and learning abilities of their students (Walsh and Sattes, 2011). This, in turn, helps the teachers in formulating effective strategies to encourage and motivate the specific students. Delivering a lecture in the class as guided by the lesson plan needs to be accompanied by the teacher s inputs and explanations. Explaining is a crucial part of the teaching activity as it is through explaining teachers are able to elucidate the lessons and keep the discussion within the boundaries of the subject (Trevor, 1998). Explaining involves teachers communications skills, knowledge and delivery style, which can lead to a be tter understanding of the subject by the students (Wolfe, 2006). In addition, additional resources like charts, graphs, graphics, videos and other audio-visual aids can help the teachers in explaining better (Overall, 2001) Assessment is the evaluation of the student s progress over a period of time and is undertaken in order to understand his or her specific needs and problem areas (Ahrenfelt and Watkin, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Quality of Teaching and Learning, Questioning and Explaining or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Two Ways of Seeing a River (1883) Free Essays

This passage is excerpted from Mark Twain’s 1883 book Life on the Mississippi, in which he shares his experiences as a river steamboat pilot and explores the many facets of the great river. As you read, consider his masterful use of language as he reflects on his changing relationship with the river. Now when I had mastered the language of this water and had come to know every trifling feature that bordered the great river as familiarly as I knew the letters of the alphabet, I had made a valuable acquisition. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Ways of Seeing a River (1883) or any similar topic only for you Order Now But I had lost something, too. I had lost something which could never be restored to me while I lived. All the grace, the beauty, the poetry, had gone out of the majestic river! I still kept in mind a certain wonderful sunset which I witnessed when steamboating was new to me. A broad expanse of the river was turned to blood; in the middle distance the red hue brightened into gold, through which a solitary log came floating, black and conspicuous; in one place a long, slanting mark lay sparkling upon the water; in another the surface was broken by boiling, tumbling rings that were as many-tinted as an opal; where the ruddy flush was faintest was a smooth spot that was covered with graceful circles and radiating lines, ever so delicately traced; the shore on our left was densely wooded, and the somber shadow that fell from this forest was broken in one place by a long, ruffled trail that shone like silver; and high above the forest wall a clean-stemmed dead tree waved a single leafy bough that glowed like a flame in the unobstructed splendor that was flowing from the sun. There were graceful curves, reflected images, woody heights, soft distances, and over the whole scene, far and near, the dissolving lights drifted steadily, enriching it every passing moment with new marvels of coloring. I stood like one bewitched. I drank it in, in a speechless rapture. The world was new to me and I had never seen anything like this at home. But as I have said, a day came when I began to cease from noting the glories and the charms which the moon and the sun and the twilight wrought upon the river’s face; another day came when I ceased altogether to note them. Then, if that sunset scene had been repeated, I should have looked upon it without rapture and should have commented upon it inwardly after this fashion: â€Å"This sun means that we re going to have wind tomorrow; that floating log means that the river is rising, small thanks to it; that slanting mark on the water refers to a bluff reef which is going to kill somebody’s steamboat one of these nights, if it keeps on stretching out like that; those tumbling ‘boils’ show a dissolving bar and a changing channel there; the lines and circles in the slick water over yonder are a warning that that troublesome place is shoaling up dangerously; that silver streak in the shadow of the forest is the ‘break’ from a new snag and he has located himself in the very best place he could have found to fish for steamboats; that tall dead tree, with a single living. Two Ways of Seeing a River ranch, is not going to last long, and then how is a body ever going to get through this blind place at night without the friendly old landmark? † No, the romance and beauty were all gone from the river. All the value any feature of it had for me now was the amount of usefulness it could furnish toward compassing the safe piloting of a steamboat. Since those days, I have pitied doctors from my heart. What does the lovely flush in a beauty’s cheek mean to a doctor but a â€Å"break† that ripples above some deadly disease? Are not all her visible charms sown thick with what are to him the signs and symbols of hidden decay? Does he ever see her beauty at all, or doesn’t he simply view her professionally and comment upon her unwholesome condition all to himself? And doesn’t he sometimes wonder whether he has gained most or lost most by learning his trade? 1. What is Twain’s argument here? What is his claim? What are his reasons? How does he construct his essay to help the reader be persuaded by his claim? How does he draw connections between the ideas in the first two paragraphs and those in the third? 2. What is the purpose of Twain’s argument? To explore? Inform? Convince? Meditate or pray? Something else? 3. Twain is known for his beautiful, rich use of language. Find the phrases or images that are the most powerful to you. What tools of stylish language are he using? How do they help make his argument persuasive? How to cite Two Ways of Seeing a River (1883), Papers

Economics - Minimum Wage free essay sample

South Africa’s history is riddled with economic exploitation and government has continually tried to right the socio-economic wrongs of the past, through the use of various economic policies and labour legislation. One such legislation has been highly debated in recent months. The legislation in question governs the minimum labour wage for each of the respective economic sectors. According to Burda and Wyplosz (2013:124) â€Å"Minimum wages are the legal limits on how low wages can be. † In this essay the advantages and disadvantages of minimum wages will be discussed, with the South African agricultural sector as a case study. Burda and Wyplosz (2013:124). Illustrated above is the effect minimum wages have on the labour market. To be of any worth it is essential that the minimum wage Wmin is set above the wage that would be gained in another way (w), and which is higher than the wage set at market equilibrium that the individual would of accepted. The consequence is an employment level equal to Lmin; and unemployment level equal to (Lsmin – Lmin), which is greater than the level of unemployment in a state of collective bargaining (Burda and Wyplosz, 2013:124). Firms may choose not to lower the real wage rage as a counter measure to rising unemployment; this occurrence is called an efficiency wage. Firms may opt to pay higher wages in an attempt to increase the level of output and quality by workers, as well as to attract better job applicants (Burda and Wyplosz, 2013:124). Government sets the minimum wage level whereas an efficiency wage is determined and set by firms themselves. There are many advantages and disadvantages of implementing minimum wage legislation. Two of the main advantages are the following: firstly economic growth is motivated through the discouragement of labour-intensive industries (Burda and Wyplosz, 2013:124). Secondly minimum wages also reduce the amount of dependency on government by minimum-wage employees, which could lead to a decrease in tax, because less people now rely on social grants to survive. Ultimately the minimum wage aims to protect workers from exploitation. On the other hand the disadvantages of minimum wages have to be studied more closely. Minimum wages can result in an increase in the unemployment of unskilled workers as well as raise employment barriers. The demand for labour is directly affected by the minimum wage legislation; as a result there is an increase in the unemployment level of the unskilled labour force because of an increase in the minimum wage. The unskilled labour force is ultimately the group of people, the minimum wage aims to protect. Due to minimum wage increases, firms starts to invest more in capital and less in labour. This increase in capital investment means that firms spend money on expensive equipment instead of labour because it is seen as a better long-term investment. The investment in technologically advanced equipment also means that firms now have to employ skilled workers to operate the equipment, which ultimately also increases the cost of production. As a result the prices of goods increase, which causes an increase in the CPI (consumer price index), which is reflected as an increase in inflation (News 24, 2013). This increase in inflation contradicts what government intended the minimum wages to do, which is raise the standard of living of South Africa’s unemployed and blue collar workers. South African farmers in the wake of recent strikes and the raising of the minimum wage to R105 a day have started looking at options to replace labour (Cohen, 2013). The implementation of minimum wages has a direct effect on productivity, because it affects the price of the products produced for the consumer. The reason why price is crucial to productivity is because an increase in price results in a decrease in demand for that specific product because of substitution for a similar product. This decrease in demand for goods and services means that suppliers now have to reduce the quantity they produce thus decreasing productivity, and ultimately leading to the retrenchment of employees. It is believed that jobs losses in the agricultural sector could possibly grow to 200 000, despite the agricultural sector being seen as a crucial job creator (News 24, 2013). The rate of technological development in recent years means that machines are consistently becoming cheaper and more commercially available to all businesses. The volatility and inconsistency of South African labour laws, means that it has become more commercially sustainable to invest in capital whilst reducing investment in labour. This means that employers would rather purchase machinery instead of having to battle South Africa’s labour laws, in their bid to be an economically sustainable business. It has been reported that in the wake of the recent farmworker strikes, many farmers will be mechanising their operations or will be switching to less labour-intensive goods (Cohen, 2013). As a developing country South Africa must always look to be internationally competitive. The South African economy relies heavily on the export of agricultural products to developed countries. Therefore the consistent increase in minimum wages seriously endangers the employment of those workers who work in the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector employs many people and is a crucial job creator. But higher minimum wages means that South Africa is in danger of not being able to compete with countries on the international market. In order to ensure sustainable economic growth and job creation. Low inflation levels and financial confidence are needed. The increase in the cost of production as a result of an increase in the minimum wage level, directly affects the CPI and consequently inflation (News 24, 2013). Therefore a resultant increase in inflation because of an increase in production costs is not in anyway beneficial to long-term sustainable economic growth. When trade unions demand higher wages they more often then not fail to take into consideration non-wage compensation. These non-wage compensations often include things such as, free housing, transport and medical aid. In an attempt to counter increasing production costs as a result of increases in minimum wages, firms reduce the amount of non-wage compensation given to their employees. So essentially the workers are not better off. There is a common belief that the implementation of minimum wages stops the occurrence of wage discrimination. Unfortunately this is not always true, because as mentioned above minimum wages cause an increase in unemployment. This increase in unemployment as seen in the previously listed graph, means that there is an increase in the availability of unskilled labour (Burda and Wyplosz, 2013:124). Therefore firms are more likely to take advantage of the excess of unskilled workers, by employing workers below the minimum wage. In conclusion it can be said that minimum wage legislation is far from perfect, and despite its good intentions, it more often then not causes more damage than good. The South African government through its various social grants and unproductive labour laws have created a lazy society who is dependant on â€Å"free hand-outs†. It has become acceptable to try and improve your social position through violence instead of hard work. The minimum wage legislation in South Africa aims to treat the symptoms of a largely unskilled labour force and social inequality. By treating the symptoms, the causes of the social inequality and largely unskilled labour force are not addressed. By consistently increasing the monetary value of an unskilled worker, government indirectly decreases the monetary value of skilled workers. This situation takes the away the incentive for workers, to try improve their level of skill. Government must realise that the only way to decrease social inequality and increase employment, is to fight these problem at a grass roots level. Government should rather focus on improving education in order to raise the skills level of the entire labour force. Government should also make changes to the current labour laws, so that greater emphasis is based on the implementation of incentive/efficiency wages. Efficiency wages are more likely to improve unemployment and increase production, because firms are willing to pay more, if their production increases. In the end sadly the unemployed in South Africa are exploited through false promises in order to gain political favour. List Of References BURDA, M and WYPLOSZ, C, 2013. Macroeconomics: A European Text (6ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press. COHEN, M, 2013. South Africa Raises Farmworkers’ Minimum Wage In Wake Of Strikes. Bloomberg. [Online]. Available: http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2013-02-04/south-africa-raises-farmworkers-minimum-wage-in-wake-of-strikes. html. [Accessed 10 April 2013]. NEWS 24,2013. Farm Job Cuts Could Grow To 200000. Fin 24. [Online]. Available: http://www. fin24. com/Economy/Farms-job-cuts-could-grow-to-200-000-20130210. [Accessed 10 April 2013]. NEWS 24,2013. Farm Minimum Wage A Double-Edged Sword. Fin 24. [Online]. Available: http://www. fin24. com/Economy/Farm-minimum-wage-a-double-edged-sword-20130204. [Accessed 10 April 2013]. NEWS 24,2013. Price Hikes ‘Threaten’ Food Security. Fin 24. [Online]. Available: http://www. fin24. com/Economy/Price-hikes-threaten-food-security-20130301. [Accessed 10 April 2013]. NEWS 24,2013. Rand Edges Lower On CPI Data. Fin 24. [Online]. Available: